Tumor progression, metastasis, and multi-drug resistance are the most difficult clinical challenges in the treatment of cancer and these issues are the primary cause of 90% of patient mortality for all cancer types. In particular, evasion of the body’s natural immune response is an acquired capability of cancer, which allows tumors to survive and progress and metastasize.
Based on CHD1L’s oncogenic function, inhibition of CHD1L should lead to the inhibition of tumor progression and diminished risk of metastasis. Onconaut is developing first and best-in-class small-molecule therapeutics that target CHD1L.
These therapies when used in combination with standard-of-care treatments are anticipated to result in better patient outcomes and survival across multiple cancers.
Onconaut’s pipeline of >100 designed inhibitors and lead drug candidates targeting CHD1L were developed in the lab of Dr. Dan LaBarbera at the University of Colorado, Anschutz based on the deep comprehension they developed of CHD1L's protein structure, function, and pivotal role in cancer biology.
Using a highly efficient, rapid multi-disciplinary approach to drug discovery that includes automated high throughput and high content screening, in vitro and in vivo lead drug mechanism of action elucidation, comprehensive drug design, medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, the LaBarbera lab identified a pipeline of drug candidates that display antitumor activity alone and synergize with both chemotherapy and targeted therapy in in vitro and in vivo models of cancer.
Onconaut’s lead candidate, OTI-611, demonstrated improvement in antitumor efficacy including significant in vivo reductions in tumor size and enhanced survivability in colorectal cancer mouse models¹⁻³. Whereas the life span of tumor bearing mice doubles with chemotherapy alone, OTI-611 combined with chemotherapy triples life span³. Onconaut Therapeutics was founded in 2022 to complete pre-clinical confirmation of OTI-611’s efficacy as a potential treatment for colorectal and breast cancer and develop additional drugs targeting additional cancers.
The CHD1L gene encodes a protein that belongs to the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) family, which is involved in chromatin remodeling and gene expression regulation. It is the master regulator orchestrating a tumor’s ability to survive. Numerous studies including in the LaBarbera lab¹⁻³ have linked CHD1L to cancer through its role in tumor progression, metastasis, and tumor cell survival⁴.
1. Overexpression in multiple cancers
CHD1L is frequently overexpressed in multiple cancers, including liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer, among others. Elevated levels of CHD1L are associated with more aggressive cancer and poorer patient outcomes⁴.
2. Metastasis promotion
CHD1L has been linked to an increased likelihood of cancer metastasis, which is the spread of cancer from the primary tumor to other parts of the body. Metastasis is a major factor contributing to cancer-related mortality, and the involvement of CHD1L in this process suggests its significance in cancer progression.
3. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
EMT is a cellular process that allows certain cancer cells to acquire characteristics that lead to increased tumorigenic, migratory, and invasive properties. CHD1L has been shown to induce EMT¹⁻³, thereby facilitating cancer cells' ability to invade surrounding tissues and metastasize while evading the body’s natural immune response.
4. Correlation with poor prognosis
Several studies have found a correlation between CHD1L overexpression and poor prognosis in cancer patients⁴. Higher CHD1L expression levels have been associated with shorter overall survival and disease-free survival rates.
Inhibition of CHD1L has been shown by the LaBarbera lab to block the tumor's ability to survive and increase its vulnerability to chemotherapy³, and likely immunotherapies as well as the body’s own immune system⁴.
1. Abbott et al. | Mol. Cancer Ther. (AACR) | 2020
2. Prigaro et al. | J. Med. Chem. (ACS) | 2022
3. Unpublished data from OTI | 2023
4. Soltan et al. | Front. Mol. Biosci. | 2023
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